Mhiri kweUnited States, zvidhori zvevatungamiriri veConfederate uye vamwe vanhu venhoroondo vane chekuita neuranda uye kuurayiwa kwezvizvarwa zveAmerica zviri kubvarurwa, kusvibiswa, kuparadzwa, kutamiswa kana kubviswa zvichitevera kuratidzira kwakanangana nerufu rwaGeorge Floyd, murume mutema, mumapurisa. kuchengetwa muna Chivabvu 25 muMinneapolis.

MuNew York, American Museum of Natural History yakazivisa neSvondo kuti ichabvisa chifananidzo chaTheodore Roosevelt, mutungamiri wechimakumi maviri nenhanhatu weUS, kunze kwemukova wayo mukuru. Chifananidzo chinoratidza Roosevelt akatasva bhiza, akatenderedzwa neAfrican American uye Native American netsoka. Iyo museum haisati yataura kuti ichaita sei nechifananidzo.

MuHouston, zvidhori zviviri zveConfederate mumapaki eruzhinji zvakabviswa. Chimwe chezvivezwa izvozvo, Mweya weConfederacy, chivezwa chebhuronzi chinomiririra ngirozi ine bakatwa nebazi remuchindwe, chakanga chakamira muSam Houston Park kwemakore anopfuura zana uye iye zvino chave mudura reguta.

Guta rakaronga kutamisa chifananidzo ichi kuenda kuHouston Museum yeAfrican American Culture.

Nepo vamwe vachidaidza uye kutora matanho ekubvisa zvidhori zveConfederate, vamwe vanovadzivirira.

MuRichmond, Virginia, chifananidzo cheConfederate general Robert E. Lee chave nzvimbo yekunetsana. Varatidziri vakadaidzira kuti chiumbwa ichi chibviswe, uye Gavhuna weVirginia Ralph Northam akapa mutongo wekuti chibviswe.

Nekudaro, mutemo uyu wakavharwa apo boka revaridzi vezvivakwa vakamhan'arira kudare remubatanidzwa vachipokana kuti kubvisa chifananidzo ichi kunoderedza kukosha kwezvivakwa zvakatenderedza.

Mutongi weFederal Bradley Cavedo akatonga svondo rapfuura kuti chifananidzo ndicho pfuma yevanhu zvichienderana nekuita kwechimiro kubva muna 1890. Akabudisa mutemo unodzivisa hurumende kuti ibvise mutongo wekupedzisira usati waitwa.

Ongororo yakaitwa muna 2016 neSouthern Poverty Law Center, sangano rinomiririra zvematongerwo enyika risingaite purofiti, yakawana kuti paive nezviratidzo zvinodarika chiuru nemazana mashanu ehurumende yeConfederate mhiri kweU. uye zvigaro zvemauto, zvakanyanya kunyanya kuMaodzanyemba.

Huwandu hwezviumbwa zveConfederate nezviyeuchidzo panguva iyoyo zvaidarika mazana manomwe.

Maonero akasiyana

Sangano reNational Association for the Advancement of Coloured People, sangano rinorwira kodzero dzevanhu, rakadaidzira kubviswa kwezviratidzo zveConfederate munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji uye dzehurumende kwemakore. Zvisinei, kune maonero akasiyana-siyana pamusoro pekuita nezvakaitika kare.

"Ndabvarurwa pamusoro peizvi nekuti iyi ndiyo inomiririra nhoroondo yedu, uku ndiko kumiririra zvataifunga kuti zvakanaka," akadaro Tony Brown, purofesa wechitema wezvemagariro evanhu uye director weRacism and Racial Experiences Workgroup paRice University. "Panguva imwecheteyo, tinogona kuve neronda munharaunda, uye isu hatichafunga kuti hazvina kunaka uye tinoda kubvisa mifananidzo."

Pakupedzisira, Brown akati anoda kuona zvidhori zvichigara.

“Tinoda kusvibisa nhoroondo yedu. Tinowanzoda kutaura kuti rusaruraganda hachisi chikamu chezvatiri, kwete chikamu chezvimiro zvedu, kwete chikamu chetsika dzedu. Saka kana wabvisa chivezwa unenge uchichenesa nhoroondo yedu, uye kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, zvinoita kuti vanofambisa chivezwa ichi vanzwe kuti vaita zvakakwana,” vakadaro.

Kusaita kuti zvinhu zviende asi kuita kuti zvinhu zvionekwe nemamiriro ekunze ndiwo maitiro aunoita kuti vanhu vanzwisise kuti rusarura rwakadzika sei, Brown anopokana.

“Mari yerudzi rwedu inogadzirwa nedonje, uye mari yedu yese inodhindwa nevachena, uye vamwe vacho vane varanda. Paunoratidza rudzi irworwo rweuchapupu, unoti, mira zvishoma, tinobhadhara zvinhu nekotoni yakadhindwa nevaridzi vevaranda. Ipapo unoona kuti rusarura rwakadzika midzi,” akadaro.

James Douglas, purofesa wezvemitemo paTexas Southern University uye purezidhendi weHouston chitsauko cheNAACP, anoda kuona zvidhori zveConfederate zvichibviswa.

"Havana chekuita neHondo yeVanhu. Zviumbwa zvakamiswa kukudza masoja eChikwata uye kuita kuti vanhu vemuAfrica vazive kuti vachena ndivo vari kutonga. Dzakamiswa kuitira kuratidza simba raive nevarungu pamusoro pevaAfrica vekuAmerica,” vakadaro.

Chisarudzo chakaoma

Douglas zvakare mutsoropodzi wesarudzo yaHouston yekuendesa Mweya weConfederacy chifananidzo kuenda kumuseum.

“Chiumbwa ichi ndechekukudza magamba akarwira kodzero dzehurumende, kunyanya avo vakarwa kuti vanhu vemuAfrica varambe vari nhapwa. Munofunga kuti pane here angati vaise chifananidzo muHolocaust Museum chaiti chifananidzo ichi chakamiswa kuti chiremekedze vanhu vakauraya vaJudha mukamuri ine gasi?” akabvunza.

Zviumbwa nezviyeuchidzo ndezvekukudza vanhu, akadaro Douglas. Kungovaisa muAfrican American museum hakubvisi chokwadi chekuti zvidhori zvinovakudza.

Kuna Brown, kusiya zvidhori panzvimbo hazvikudze munhu iyeye.

“Kwandiri, zvinopomera sangano racho. Kana iwe uine Confederate chifananidzo, hachitauri chero chinhu nezvemunhu. Rinotaura chimwe chinhu pamusoro pehutungamiriri. Inotaura chimwe chinhu nezvemunhu wese akasaina pachifananidzo ichocho, munhu wese akataura kuti chifananidzo ndechako. Handifungi kuti munoda kudzima nhoroondo iyoyo,” akadaro.

Brown akati vanhu vanofanira kupedza nguva yakawanda vachifunga kuti zvaita sei kuti "takafunga kuti aya ndiwo magamba edu kutanga, tichifunga kuti takasarudza sei mifananidzo iyi yaive yakanaka".

Bato reBlack Lives Matter riri kumanikidza America kuti iongorore zvekare kupfuura zviumbwa zveConfederate.

HBO yakabvisa kwenguva bhaisikopo ra1939 Gone with the Wind kubva pazvipo zvaro zvepamhepo svondo rapfuura uye inoronga kuburitsa firimu rekare nenhaurirano yenhoroondo yaro. Iyi firimu yakashoropodzwa nekukudza uranda.

Zvakare, svondo rapfuura, Quaker Oats Co yakazivisa kuti yaive ichibvisa mufananidzo wemukadzi mutema kubva pakurongedzerwa kwe130-year-old sirasi uye pancake musanganiswa brand Aunt Jemima uye kuchinja zita rayo. Mars Inc yakateverawo nekubvisa mufananidzo wemunhu mutema kubva pakurongedzerwa kwemhando yayo yakakurumbira yemupunga Uncle Ben's ndokuti ichaitumidza zita.

Marudzi maviri aya akashoropodzwa nekuda kwemifananidzo yavo yakajairika uye kushandiswa kwekuremekedza kunoratidza nguva iyo vachena vekumaodzanyemba vaishandisa “tete” kana “sekuru” nekuti vaisada kudaidza vanhu vatema sa“Mr” kana “Mai”.

Vese vaBrown naDouglas vanowana mafambiro eHBO ane musoro, asi vanoona mafambiro emakambani maviri echikafu zvakasiyana.

Negative depiction

"Ndicho chinhu chakanaka kuita," akadaro Douglas. "Tine makambani makuru kuti aone kukanganisa kwenzira dzavo. Ivo vari (vachiti), 'Tinoda kuchinja nokuti tinoona kuti ichi chiratidziro chisina kunaka cheAfrica America.' Vanozviziva iye zvino uye vari kuvabvisa. "

KwaBrown, mafambiro ingori imwe nzira yekuti makambani atengese zvimwe zvigadzirwa.

Varatidziri vaedza kudonhedza chiumbwa chaAndrew Jackson, vaimbova mutungamiri weAmerica, paLafayette Park pamberi peWhite House panguva yekuratidzira kusaenzana kwemarudzi muWashington, DC, nemusi weMuvhuro. JOSHUA ROBERTS/REUTERS