Huwandu huri kuwedzera hwevashanyi vari kunanga kuSanxingdui Museum muGuanghan, Sichuan mudunhu, kunyangwe denda reCCIDID-19.

Luo Shan, wechidiki anotambira vaenzi panzvimbo iyi, anogara achibvunzwa nevanosvika mangwanani-ngwanani kuti nei vasingawani murindiri wokuvaratidza.

Imyuziyamu inoshandisa mamwe madhairekitori, asi vatadza kurarama nekuwanda kwevashanyi, akadaro Luo.

NeMugovera, vanhu vanopfuura 9,000 vakashanyira museum, kanopfuura kana nhamba pakupera kwevhiki. Kutengeswa kwematikiti kwakasvika 510,000 yuan ($77,830), iyo yechipiri-yepamusoro zuva nezuva kubva pakavhurwa muna 1997.

Kuwedzera kwevashanyi kwakakonzerwa nekutepfenyura kwepamoyo kwezvisaririra zvakacherwa kubva mumakomba matanhatu achangowanikwa panzvimbo yeSanxingdui Ruins. Kutapurirana kwakataridzwa paChina Central Television kwemazuva matatu kubva munaKurume 20.

Panzvimbo iyi, pakafukunurwa zvinhu zvinodarika mazana mashanu, zvinosanganisira masks egoridhe, zvinhu zvebhuronzi, nyanga dzenzou, jade nemachira, kubva mumakomba ayo ave nemakore 3 200 kusvika 4 000.

Nhepfenyuro iyi yakakurudzira kufarira kwevashanyi mune zvakawanda zvakafukunurwa pakutanga panzvimbo iyi, izvo zviri kuratidzwa kumuseum.

Iri makiromita makumi mana kuchamhembe kweChengdu, guta guru reSichuan, nzvimbo iyi inofukidza makiromita gumi nemaviri emakiromita uye ine matongo eguta rekare, makomba ezvibayiro, nzvimbo dzekugara uye makuva.

Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti nzvimbo iyi yakavambwa pakati pe2,800 ne4,800 makore apfuura, uye zvakawanikwa zvekuchera matongo zvinoratidza kuti yaive yakasimukira uye yakabudirira tsika hub munguva dzekare.

Chen Xiaodan, nyanzvi yezvokuchera matongo muChengdu uyo ​​akatora chikamu mukuchera panzvimbo iyi muma1980s, akati yakawanikwa netsaona, achiwedzera kuti "yairatidzika kunge isingaoneki".

Muna 1929, Yan Daocheng, mumwe mugari wokuGuanghan, akafukunura gomba rakanga rakazara nematombo ejedhi nematombo achigadzira mugero wetsvina waiva padivi pemba yake.

Zvigadzirwa zvakakurumidza kuzivikanwa pakati pevatengesi vekare se "The Jadeware yeGuanghan". Kuzivikanwa kwejade, zvakare, kwakakwezva pfungwa dzevanochera matongo, Chen akadaro.

Muna 1933, boka revanochera matongo rinotungamirirwa naDavid Crockett Graham, akabva kuUnited States uye akanga ari muchengeti weWest China Union University museum muChengdu, vakaenda kunzvimbo iyi kuti vaite basa rekutanga rekuchera matongo.

Kubva kuma1930 zvichienda mberi, vacheri vamatongo vakawanda vakachera panzvimbo yacho, asi ose akanga asina maturo, sezvo pasina zviwanwa zvinokosha zvakaitwa.

Kubudirira kwakaitika kuma1980. Zvisaririra zvemizinda mikuru uye zvikamu zvemadziro eguta rekumabvazuva, kumadokero uye kumaodzanyemba zvakawanikwa panzvimbo iyi muna 1984, zvakateverwa makore maviri gare gare nekuwanikwa kwemakomba maviri makuru ezvibayiro.

Zvakawanikwa zvakasimbisa kuti saiti iyi yaive nematongo eguta rekare iro raive muzinda wezvematongerwo enyika, wehupfumi uye tsika weShu Kingdom. Kare, Sichuan yaizivikanwa saShu.

Humbowo hunogutsa

Nzvimbo iyi inoonekwa seimwe yezvakakosha zvakawanikwa zvekuchera matongo zvakawanikwa muChina mukati mezana ramakore rechi20.

Chen akataura kuti basa rekuchera risati raitwa, zvaifungidzirwa kuti Sichuan ine nhoroondo yemakore 3,000. Nekuda kwebasa iri, zvino zvinotendwa kuti budiriro yakauya kuSichuan makore 5,000 apfuura.

Duan Yu, munyori wenhoroondo neSichuan Provincial Academy yeSocial Sayenzi, akati nzvimbo yeSanxingdui, iri kumusoro kwerwizi rweYangtze, iri humbowo hunogutsa hwekuti kwakabva budiriro yeChinese kwakasiyana, sezvo ichitsvaga dzidziso dzekuti Yellow River. ndiko kwaibva chete.

Iyo Sanxingdui Museum, iri padivi peRwizi rweYazi yakadzikama, inokwevera vashanyi vanobva kumativi akasiyana epasi, avo vanokwaziswa nekuona kwemasks makuru ebhuronzi nemisoro yevanhu yebhuronzi.

Iyo maski inotyisa uye inotyisa, iyo yakakura masendimita 138 uye 66 cm kureba, ine maziso akabudikira.

Maziso akatenuka uye akarebesa zvakakwana kuti agare maviri cylindrical eyeballs, ayo anobuda 16 cm nenzira yekuwedzeredza. Nzeve mbiri idzi dzakatambanudzwa zvizere uye dzine matipi akaumbwa semafeni akanongedza.

Nhamburiko dziri kuitwa kusimbisa kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewatateguru wevanhu veShu, Can Cong.

Zvinoenderana nezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa muzvinyorwa zveChinese, nhevedzano yematare eDynastic yakasimuka ikadonha panguva yeShu Kingdom, kusanganisira iyo yakavambwa nevatungamiriri vemarudzi kubva kuCan Cong, Bo Guan naKai Ming.

Mhuri yeCan Cong ndiyo yaive yekare pakuvaka dare muHumambo hweShu. Maererano nerimwe bhuku renhoroondo yokuChina, “Mambo waro akanga ane maziso akatarira mberi uye akanga ari mambo wokutanga kuziviswa munhau youmambo.”

Sekureva kwevanoongorora, chitarisiko chisinganzwisisike, senge chinoratidzwa pachifukidzo, chingadai chakaratidza kuvanhu veShu kuti munhu ane chinzvimbo chinoshamisira.

Zvivezwa zvakawanda zvebhuronzi paSanxingdui Museum zvinosanganisira chifananidzo chinokatyamadza chemurume asina shangu akapfeka makumbo, maoko ake akabatwa. Nhamba yacho yakareba 180 cm, nepo chifananidzo chose, icho chinofungidzirwa kuti chinomiririra mambo kubva kuShu Kingdom, inenge 261 cm kureba, kusanganisira chigadziko.

Anopfuura makore 3,100, chifananidzo chacho chine korona yezuva uye chinozvirumbidza nemitsara mitatu ye "hembe" dzebhuronzi dzakasimba, dzine maoko mapfupi dzakashongedzwa nepeteni yeshato uye yakafukidzwa neribhoni yakachekwa.

Huang Nengfu, mushakabvu purofesa wehunyanzvi uye dhizaini paTsinghua University kuBeijing, aive muongorori ane mukurumbira wembatya dzekuChina kubva kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, aiona chipfeko ichi senguo yeshato yekare kudarika dzose dziripo muChina. Akafungawo kuti patani yacho yairatidza mukurumbira weShu.

Maererano naWang Yuqing, munyori wezvakaitika kare wekuChina wezvokupfeka anogara muTaiwan, chipfeko chakashandura maonero echinyakare ekuti Shu embroidery yakatanga pakati peQing Dynasty (1644-1911). Pane kudaro, zvinoratidza kuti inobva kuShang Dynasty (c. 16th century-11th century BC).

Kambani yembatya muBeijing yakagadzira jasi rechisirika rinoenderana nechifananidzo chemurume asina shangu mumakumbo.

Mhemberero yekucherekedza kupera kwejasi, iri kuratidzwa paChengdu Shu Brocade uye Embroidery Museum, yakaitirwa muGreat Hall yeVanhu muguta guru reChinese muna 2007.

Zvinhu zvegoridhe zvinoratidzwa paSanxingdui Museum, zvinosanganisira nzimbe, masiki uye mashongedzero emashizha egoridhe ari muchimiro chetiger nehove, anozivikanwa nemhando yavo uye nekusiyana.

Hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira goridhe hwakadai sekurovera, kuumba, welding uye chiseling, hwakapinda mukugadzira zvinhu izvi, zvinotaridza mwero wepamusoro wekunyungudutsa goridhe uye kugadzira tekinoroji munhoroondo yekutanga yeChina.

Wooden musimboti

Zvigadzirwa zvinoonekwa pamuseum zvinogadzirwa kubva kugoridhe nemhangura alloy, ine goridhe inoverengera makumi masere neshanu muzana ekuumbwa kwavo.

Munzimbe, uyo wakareba masendimita 143, 2,3 masendimita muhupamhi uye unorema anenge magiramu 463, une musimboti wemuti, wakaputirwa shizha regoridhe rakapwanyika. Huni dzawora, dzichingosara chete, asi shizha regoridhe rinoramba riripo.

Dhizaini yacho ine mbiri mbiri, imwe neimwe yemusoro wen'anga ine korona-mashanu, yakapfeka mhete dzine mativi matatu uye kunyemwerera kwakakura kwemitambo. Kunewo mapoka akafanana emhando dzekushongedza, imwe neimwe ine mbiri yeshiri nehove, kumashure-kumashure. Museve unodarika mitsipa yeshiri nemisoro yehove.

Ruzhinji rwevatsvakurudzi vanofunga kuti mudonzvo waiva chinhu chinokosha muchigaro chekare chamambo Shu, chinofananidzira chiremera chake chezvematongerwe enyika uye simba roumwari pasi pekutonga kwekutonga kweumwari.

Pakati petsika dzekare muEgypt, Babironi, Girisi uye kumadokero kweAsia, nzimbe yaiwanzoonekwa sechiratidzo chesimba repamusoro-soro.

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti nzimbe yegoridhe kubva kunzvimbo yeSanxingdui inogona kunge yakabva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kana kumadokero kweAsia uye yakakonzerwa nekutsinhana kwetsika pakati pebudiriro mbiri.

Yakafukunurwa panzvimbo iyi muna 1986 mushure mekunge Sichuan Provincial Archaeological Team yatora danho rekumisa fekitori yenzvimbo yezvidhina ichichera nzvimbo iyi.

Chen, muongorori wezvinocherwa mumatongo akatungamira boka rekuchera panzvimbo iyi, akati mushure mekunge nzimbe iyi yawanikwa, akafunga kuti yakagadzirwa negoridhe, asi akaudza vaiona kuti yaive mhangura, kana paine angaedza kubuda nayo.

Ichipindura chikumbiro chechikwata ichi, hurumende yeruwa rweGuanghan yakatumira masoja makumi matatu nematanhatu kunorinda nzvimbo yakawanwa tsvimbo.

Hurombo husina kunaka hwezvinhu zvakaratidzwa paSanxingdui Museum, uye mamiriro avo ekuvigwa, anoratidza kuti vakapiswa nemaune kana kuparadzwa. Moto mukuru unoratidzika kunge wakonzera kuti zvinhu zvitsva, kuputika, kusatarisika, kuita mablister kana kunyungudika zvachose.

Sekureva kwevaongorori, yaive tsika yekupisa zvipiriso muChina yekare.

Iyo saiti yakafukunurwa makomba maviri makuru ezvibairo muna 1986 inongori makiromita maviri nesere kumadokero kweSanxingdui Museum. Chen akati mazhinji ezviratidziro zvakakosha pamuseum zvinobva mumakomba maviri.

Ning Guoxia akatsigira nyaya yacho.

huangzhiling@chinadaily.com.cn