Nhanganyaya
Zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvave zviripo kwemazana emakore, uye zvinoramba zviri mamwe emabasa eunyanzvi anoshamisa uye anotyisa pasi rose.Kubva pamifananidzo mirefu yeEgypt yekare kusvika kune zvidhori zvakapfava zveGirisi yekare, zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvine ca.yakatora fungidziro dzevanhu kwemireniyumu.
Asi chii chiri pamusoro pebronze chinoita kuti ive yakanaka yepakati ye sculpture?Nei zvivezwa zvendarira zvagara kwenguva refu, nepo zvimwe zvinhu zvakawira parutivi pomugwagwa?
(Tarisa: Zvivezwa zveBronze)
Muchinyorwa chino, tichanyatso tarisisa nhoroondo yezvivezwa zvebhuronzi, uye toongorora zvikonzero nei yanga iri svikiro yakakurumbira kune maartist mumazera ese.Tichatarisawo zvimwe zvezvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvine mukurumbira pasi rose, tokurukura kwaungazviwane nhasi.
Saka kunyangwe iwe uri mutsigiri wehunyanzvi hwechinyakare kana kuti unongoda kuziva nezve nhoroondo yezvivezwa zvebhuronzi, verenga kuti utarise zvinonakidza paiyi fomu reunyanzvi risingaperi.
uye kana uchitsvagazvivezwa zvendarira zviri kutengeswaiwe pachako, tinokupawo mamwe matipi ekuti ungawane kupi zvibvumirano zvakanakisa.
Saka wakamirirei?Ngatitangei!
GREECE yekare
Zvivezwa zvebhuronzi yaive imwe yemhando dzakanyanya kukosha muGirisi yekare.Bronze yakanga iri zvinhu zvaikosheswa zvikuru, uye yaishandiswa kugadzira zvivezwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pazvidhori zviduku kusvika kuzvidhori zvikuru.Vavezi vebhuronzi vechiGiriki vaive shasha dzehunyanzvi hwavo uye vakagadzira nzira dzakaoma uye dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzekukanda bhuronzi.
Zvivezwa zvekare zvebhuronzi zvechiGiriki zvinotanga kunguva yeGeometric (c. 900-700 BCE).Zvivezwa zvepakutanga izvi zvaiwanzova zviduku uye zviri nyore, asi zvairatidza unyanzvi hunoshamisa uye unyanzvi.Pakazosvika nguva yeArchaic (c. 700-480 BCE), zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvechiGiriki zvakanga zvasvika kumwero mutsva wounyanzvi.Zvifananidzo zvakakura zveBronzezvakanga zvakajairika, uye vavezi vakakwanisa kubata zvakasiyana-siyana zvemanzwiro nematauriro evanhu.
Zvimwe zvezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvebhuronzi zvechiGiriki zvinosanganisira:
- MABHURA YERIACE (C. 460 BCE)
- THE ARTEMISION BRONZE (C. 460 BCE)
Nzira yainyanya kushandiswa yokukanda yaishandiswa nevavezi vechiGiriki yaiva nzira yakarasika yokukanda wakisi.Iyi nzira yaisanganisira kugadzira mufananidzo wenamo wechivezwa, icho chakazovharwa nevhu.Ivhu raipisa, iro rainyungudusa wakisi ndokusiya nzvimbo isina mhango muchimiro chechivezwa.Bronze yakanyungudutswa yaibva yadirwa munzvimbo yacho, uye ivhu racho raibviswa kuti riratidze chivezwa chakanga chapedzwa.
Zvivezwa zvechiGiriki zvaiwanzova nerevo dzokufananidzira.Somuenzaniso, Doryphoros yakanga iri mufananidzo wechimiro chakakodzera chechirume, uye Rukundo Rwamapapiro rweSamothrace rwakanga rwuri chiratidzo chokukunda.ChiGirikizvivezwa zvikuru zvendariradzaiwanzoshandiswawo kurangarira zviitiko zvinokosha kana vanhu.
EGYPT yekare
Zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvave zviri chikamu chetsika dzechiIjipita kwemazana emakore, zvichidzokera kuNguva yeDynastic Period (c. 3100-2686 BCE).Zvivezwa izvi zvaiwanzo shandiswa kuita zvechitendero kana mariro, uye zvaiwanzoitwa kuratidza vanhu vakakosha kubva munhoroondo yeEgipita kana ngano.
Zvimwe zvezvivezwa zvebhuronzi zveEgypt zvine mukurumbira zvinosanganisira
- BRONZE FIGURE YEHORUS FALCON
- BRONZ FIGURE YEISIS NEHORUS
Zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvakaitwa kuEgypt pachishandiswa nzira yakarasika yekukanda wakisi.Iyi nzira inosanganisira kugadzira muenzaniso wechivezwa kubva muwakisi, uyezve kuvhara muenzaniso muvhu.Chiumbwa chevhu chinozopisa, icho chinonyungudusa wakisi yosiya nzvimbo isina mhango.Bronze yakanyungudutswa inobva yadirwa munzvimbo ine mhango, uye chakuvhe chacho chinotsemuka kuti chiratidze chivezwa chapera.
Zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvaiwanzoshongedzwa nezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira ankh (chiratidzo cheupenyu), yaive (chiratidzo chesimba), uye djed (chiratidzo chekugadzikana).Zviratidzo izvi zvaitendwa kuti zvine masimba emashiripiti, uye zvaiwanzoshandiswa kuchengetedza zvivezwa nevanhu vaiva nazvo.
Zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvinoramba zvichizivikanwa nhasi, uye zvinogona kuwanikwa mumamiziyamu uye muunganidzwa wepachivande pasi rese.Iwo ufakazi hweunyanzvi nehunyanzvi hwevavezi vekare vekuEgypt, uye vanoramba vachikurudzira vanyori nevaunganidzi nhasi.
China yekare
Chivezwa chebhuronzi chine nhoroondo refu uye yakapfuma muChina, inodzokera kudzinza reShang (1600-1046 BCE).Bronze yakanga iri zvinhu zvaikosheswa zvikuru muChina, uye yakashandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira midziyo yetsika, zvombo, uye zvivezwa.
Zvimwe zvezvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvakakurumbira zveChinese zvinosanganisira:
- THE DING
Ding imhando yechikepe chetatu chaishandiswa kuita tsika.Dings yaiwanzoshongedzwa nemadhizaini akajeka, kusanganisira zoomorphic motifs, geometric mapatani, uye zvinyorwa.
(Sotheby's Auction house)
- THE ZUN
Zun imhando yemudziyo wewaini waishandiswa kuita tsika.MaZun aiwanzoshongedzwa nemifananidzo yemhuka, uye dzimwe nguva aishandiswa semidziyo yekunwisa.
(Chigadziko chewaini (zun) | Iyo Metropolitan Museum yeArt)
- THE BI
The Bi imhando yedhisiki yaishandiswa kuita mhemberero.Bis aiwanzoshongedzwa neabstract designs, uye dzimwe nguva aishandiswa semagirazi.
(Etsy)
Zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvakakandwa pachishandiswa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira nzira yakarasika-namo.Iyo yakarasika-wax nzira inzira yakaoma inosanganisira kugadzira wax muenzaniso wechivezwa, kuvhara muenzaniso muvhu, uye nekunyungudusa wakisi kubva muvhu.Bronze yakanyungudutswa inobva yadirwa muvhu, uye chivezwa chacho chinoratidzwa kana chakuvhe chacho chavhurika.
Zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvaiwanzoshongedzwa nemifananidzo yekufananidzira.Semuenzaniso, dhiragoni yaiva chiratidzo chesimba uye simba, uye phoenix yaiva chiratidzo chekugara kwenguva refu uye kuberekwa patsva.Zviratidzo izvi zvaiwanzoshandiswa kutaura mashoko echitendero kana ezvematongerwo enyika.
Zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvinoramba zvichizivikanwa nhasi, uye zvinogona kuwanikwa mumamiziyamu uye muunganidzwa wepachivande pasi rese.Iwo chapupu chehunyanzvi uye tekinoroji hunyanzvi hwemhizha dzekare dzeChinese, uye vanoramba vachikurudzira maartist nevateresi nhasi.
Ancient India
Zvivezwa zvebronze zvave zviri chikamu chehunyanzvi hweIndia kwemazana emakore, zvichidzokera kuIndus Valley Civilization (3300-1300 BCE).Aya mabhuronzi ekutanga aigara ari madiki uye akapfava, uye aiwanzoratidza mhuka kana nhamba dzevanhu muchimiro chechimiro.
Sezvo tsika dzechiIndia dzakashanduka, ndizvo zvakaitawo chivezwa chebhuronzi.Munguva yeGupta Empire (320-550 CE), zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zvakakura uye zvakanyanya kuoma, uye zvaiwanzoratidza vanhu vechitendero kana zviratidziro kubva mungano.
Zvimwe Zvivezwa kubva kuIndia zvinosanganisira:
- 'MUSIKANA WEKUTANHA WEMOHENJODARO'
- THE BRONZE NATARAJA
- ISHE KRISHNA KUTAMBA PANYOKA YAKALIYA
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa
- NDEPAPI RUGWARO RAKARE AKABUDA ZVIVEZVO ZVAKANYANYA ZVINONYANYA ZVAKAWANDA?
Vanhu vekare vanoverengeka vakasiya nhaka inogara kwenguva refu nezvivezwa zvavo zvine mukurumbira zvebhuronzi.MuGreece yekare, maartist akadai saMyron naPraxiteles vakagadzira mifananidzo yehunyanzvi, kusanganisira iyo "Discobolus" uye "Poseidon yeArtemision.
Kukanda bhuronzi kwakasvika pakakwirira muChina chekare panguva yeShang neZhou Dynasties, ine midziyo yakaoma kunzwisisa se "ding" uye yakakurumbira "Ritual Wine Container ine Zoomorphic Motifs."Ipo Egypt ichizivikanwa nemifananidzo yakavezwa yematombo, yakagadzirawo zvinoonekwa zvebhuronzi panguva yeHumambo Hutsva uye Nguva Yakanonoka, ine zvidhori zvinomiririra vamwari nemafarao, senge chifananidzo chebhuronzi cheBastet.
Yechinyakare Indian Chola Dynasty yakagadzira zvivezwa zvendarira zvechitendero zvine vanamwari vakaita saShiva naVishnu, vanozivikanwa nekunaka kwavo uye maitiro ane simba.Dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira, dzakadai sevaEtruria, vaMaya, nevaSitiya, dzakabatsirawo pakuva netsika dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzakapfuma dzezvivezwa zvekare zvebhuronzi.
- NDEZVIPI ZVINHU ZVAKASHANDISWA PAWEDZERA KUNZE BRONZE KUGADZIRA ZVINYORWA IZVI?
Greece yekare: Vavezi vechiGiriki vaiwanzoshandisa zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai semabhura, nyanga dzenzou, uye shizha regoridhe kuti zvive zvinoyevedza zvezvivezwa zvavo zvebhuronzi.
China yekare: Zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zveChinese zvaishongedzwa nguva nenguva nezvinhu zvekushongedza zvakagadzirwa nejade, matombo anokosha, kana enamel yakapendwa.
Ijipiti yekare: MaEgypt aisanganisa bhuronzi nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sehuni, faience (rudzi rweceramic inopenya), uye simbi dzinokosha dzakaita segoridhe nesirivheri kugadzira zvivezwa zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye zvinoyevedza.
Ancient India: Zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zveIndia dzimwe nguva zvaishongedzwa nematombo anokosha, akadai semarubhi kana kuti emerald, uye aiwanzoshongedzwa nezvishongo uye maketeni anoyevedza akaitwa nendarama kana sirivha.
Izvi zvimwe zvinhu zvakawedzera humwe hudzamu, chiratidzo, uye kukosha kwehunyanzvi kune zvivezwa zvebhuronzi zveaya ekare.
- ZVIVEZVA ZVAKARE ZVAKARE ZVAKAITWA NEBRONZI ZVAKACHENGETERWA UYE AKAWANWA SEI NEVACHERI MAZUVA ANO?
Zvivezwa zvekare zvebhuronzi zvinochengetedzwa uye zvinowanikwa nevanochera matongo kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzekuvigwa, nzvimbo dzakanyura mumvura, kuchera matongo, kuongorora kwekuchera matongo, uye dzimwe nguva kuburikidza nekuedza kudzoreredza kubva pakupambwa nekuunganidza.Kuvigwa mumakuva kana nzvimbo dzinoyera, kunyudzwa mumvura, kuchera netsaona kana kwakarongwa, ongororo dzakarongwa, uye zviito zvekuchengetedza mutemo zvinobatsira kuti zvitorerwe.Nehunyanzvi hwekuita basa rekuchera matongo, nzira dzakavandudzwa dzekuchera, uye nzira dzekuchengetedza, kuwanikwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvivezwa zvekare zvebhuronzi zvinopa ruzivo rwakakosha muhunyanzvi uye tsika dzemagariro ekare.
- ZVIVEZVA ZVEBRONZI ZVAKASIKIRWA SEI MUMATURO EKARE?
Zvivezwa zvebhuronzi mumagariro ekare zvaiwanzogadzirwa zvichishandiswa yakarasika-wax yekukanda hunyanzvi.Kutanga, mufananidzo wechivezwa chaidiwa wakaitwa mune chimwe chinhu chinonyandurika, chakadai sevhu kana namo.Zvadaro, modhi yakaumbwa yakapoteredza modhi yacho, ichisiya mukana wendarira yakanyungudutswa.Pashure pokunge chakuvhe chaoma, modhi yanamo yakanyauswa uye yobudiswa, kuchisiya gomba.Bronze yakanyungudutswa yaidururirwa mugomba, ichizadza chakuvhe.Kana chatonhodzwa uye chaoma, mold yacho yaibviswa, uye chivezwa chacho chaibva chanatswazve kuburikidza nekukwenenzverwa uye kutsanangura.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-01-2023